HOLMIUM LASER LITHOTRIPSY IN THE NEW STONE AGE: DUST OR BUST?

Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the New Stone Age: Dust or Bust?

Modern day holmium laser systems for ureteroscopy (URS) provide users with a range of settings, namely pulse energy (PE), pulse frequency (Fr), and pulse width (PW).These variables allow the surgeon to choose different combinations that have specific effects on stone fragmentation during URS lithotripsy.Contact laser lithotripsy can be performed us

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Closed string theory without level-matching at the free level

Abstract In its traditional form, the string field in closed string field theory is constrained by the level-matching condition, shot glass which is imposed beside the action.By analogy with the similar problem for the Ramond sector, it was understood by Okawa and Sakaguchi how to lift this condition and work with unconstrained field by introducing

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